浙江省舟山市2011－2013年发热伴血小板减少综合征流行特征分析

目的 分析浙江省舟山市2011－2013年发热伴血小板减少综合征(SFTS)病例的流行特征,为防控提供建议和对策.方法 收集整理舟山市2011－2013年SFTS病例个案调查表及人口学资料,利用描述性流行病学方法分析病例临床和流行病学特征.结果 2011－2013年舟山市共报告SFTS 45例,病死率为11.11%(5/45),其中岱山县41例(91.11%).病例以山区丘陵>50岁人群为主(93.33%),5－7月为发病高峰(84.44%),多数为农民(42.22%)和家务待业(31.11%),男女性发病率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).大部分病例有发热(97.78%)、食欲减退(91.11%)、乏力(62.22%)、畏寒(44.44%)等非特异性临床表现,且均伴有血小板、白细胞水平进行性下降.病例居住地环境卫生普遍较差,且病前2周进行农田种植等户外活动的比例为68.89%(31/45),部分病例发病前有明确蜱叮咬史,并发现3起流行病学相关事件.结论 舟山市SFTS是由新布尼亚病毒感染引起,具有清晰流行病学特征的自然疫源性疾病,蜱为主要的传播媒介,且可能存在人传人现象.改善居住环境卫生条件及做好户外防护措施对降低发病具有一定意义.     

Involvement of oxidative stress in di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)-induced apoptosis of mouse NE-4C neural stem cells

Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) has been widely used as a plasticizer in industry and can cause neurotoxicity; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the study, we found that DEHP significantly inhibited viability of mouse NE-4C neural stem cells and caused lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from the cells. DEHP dramatically increased the levels of apoptosis-related proteins such as cleaved Caspase-8, cleaved Caspase-3 and Bax, as well as decreased Bcl-2 protein level. DEHP could also significantly increase the total numbers of AnnexinV-positive/PI-negative and AnnexinV-positive/PI-positive staining cells. Hoechst 33342 staining showed that marked DNA condensation and apoptotic bodies could be found in the ZnO NPs-treated cells. These results indicated that DEHP could induce apoptosis of NE-4C cells. Meanwhile, DEHP could significantly increase malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and decrease the content of glutathione (GSH) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), respectively, implying that DEHP could induce oxidative stress of NE-4C cells. Furthermore, N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), an inhibitor of oxidative stress, could rescue the inhibition of cell viability and induction of apoptosis by DEHP. Taken together, our results showed that oxidative stress was involved in DEHP-induced apoptosis of mouse NE-4C cells.     

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) inhibits the gap junction intercellular communication and induces apoptosis in human ovarian granulosa cells

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has attracted widespread research attention as it is very stable, bioaccumulates, and causes reproductive toxicity. Data from several animal experiments and epidemiological studies indicate that female fertility may decline because of ovarian granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis as oocyte quality is positively associated with effective gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) between GCs. To the best of our knowledge, however, no previous trials have been conducted or reported on the effects of PFOA exposure on apoptosis induction in human GCs. Moreover, the roles of GJIC in GC survival and in the induction of apoptosis in GCs by PFOA remain unclear. To test this, we cultured human GCs in vitro and treated them with 0 μM, 0.3 μM, 3 μM, or 30 μM PFOA for 24 h. We also treated a human ovarian GC line (KGN) with various combinations of PFOA, retinoic acid (RA, 10 μM), and carbenoxolone disodium (CBX, 50 mM). Our findings showed that PFOA lowered human GC viability and increased apoptosis. The effects of CBX resemble those of PFOA. The combination of PFOA and CBX enhances the inhibition of GJIC by PFOA and promotes apoptosis. The effects of RA are the opposite to those of PFOA. The combination of RA and PFOA mitigates PFOA-induced GJIC inhibition and reduces apoptosis. The observed expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins were consistent with the aforementioned findings. Hence, our study demonstrated that PFOA may induce human ovarian GC apoptosis by inhibiting GJIC.     

2009-2015年浙江省舟山市居民伤害死亡特征分析

目的 了解舟山市居民伤害死亡特征,为海岛地区制定伤害预防控制措施提供参考依据。方法 收集舟山市2009-2015年居民伤害死亡资料,按国际疾病分类标准（ICD-10）进行分类,用描述性方法进行统计分析。结果 2009-2015年舟山市居民伤害年均死亡率为51.39/10万,标化死亡率为44.23/10万,居全死因第5位,男性伤害死亡率高于女性（2=245.588,P=0.000）;伤害死因前5位依次为意外跌落（18.29/10万）、机动车辆交通事故（12.46/10万）、淹死（4.34/10万）、机动车以外的运输事故（4.26/10万）、其他意外事故和有害效应（3.79/10万）;淹死（3.51/10万）是0～14岁儿童的主要伤害死因,交通事故（10.74/10万）是15～64岁青壮年的主要伤害死因,非故意跌落（134.95/10万）是65岁以上老年人主要伤害死因;男性因渔业捕捞和船舶运输事故造成的伤害死亡率为8.46/10万;伤害平均减寿年数为12.19年,减寿率为6.75。结论 伤害是舟山市重要的公共卫生问题之一,造成巨大期望寿命损失,应针对不同人群开展相应的伤害预防控制。     

Molecular evolution of GII.P17-GII.17 norovirus associated with sporadic acute gastroenteritis cases during 2013–2018 in Zhoushan Islands,China

Virus Genes - In this study, we investigated the molecular characteristics and spatio-temporal dynamics of GII.P17-GII.17 norovirus in Zhoushan Islands during 2013–2018. We collected 1849...     

The Benefit Risk Assessment of Consumption of Marine Species Based on Benefit-Risk Analysis for Foods (BRAFO)-tiered Approach

Objective To assess the net health effect caused by the consumption of specific marine species based on Benefit-Risk Analysis for Foods (BRAFO)-tiered approach.
Methods Twenty species were collected from the Zhoushan Archipelago, China. Concentrations of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, methyl mercury (MeHg), and dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) in the samples were analyzed for benefit risk assessment based on BRAFO-tiered approach.
Results Based on the BRAFO-tiered approach, reference scenario (no intake) and alternative scenario (intake of specific species of 200 g/week) were determined. The exposure to MeHg/DLCs via alternative scenario of all studied species did not exceed provisional tolerable weekly/monthly intake. However, the adult population with high DLCs exposure in China would significantly exceed the upper limit of DLCs via an additional alternative scenario of some species such as Auxis thazard. The results of deterministic computation showed that alternative scenario of all studied species generated clear net beneficial effects on death prevention and child IQ gain.
Conclusion The alternative scenario of all studied species could be recommended to population with average DLCs exposure, and the reference scenario of species with relatively high DLCs concentration could be recommended to population exposed to high DLCs.